What is color and what is material (in the context of gameobject)?

Hi, I am a bit confused, I found by script how to add an material to an GameObject, material is texture right? If I change GameObject or Texture, I don’t know how it works, I create an colored semi-transparent overlay above this texture and color it, or something else? And there is a way to change color of the GameObject itself? And if is not how to paint some object, a cube for example, with the color of my preference?

If I understand correct you’re trying to make a gameobject and color it?
If you make an object like cube, then add a material to it, you can use the material to set the color.
Might be useful to look for some tutorials since this is the basics of Unity.